Cultivation and Chemical Composition of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and its Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

Microalgae are a group of unicellular or simple multicellular photosynthetic microorganisms and have been explored for their bioactive compounds and their extracellular products also possess with promising applications encompassing antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal antiprotozoal and antiplasmodial activities [1-8]. They are divided into four groups (red, green, brown and blue green). This taxonomic group, not included in Plant kingdom but rather in the Protista kingdom, shows a high photosynthetic performance. So, algae can have a high reproductive potential and therefore can grow very fast. Now, humans can build a shining future to the next generations in different sectors of our daily life using microalgae for very different applications such as energy source, food, fertilizers, nutraceutical, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, aquaculture purpose and pollution control. The development in algal therapeutic research has made it possible now a days by their bioactive compounds which have been found effective against most of the pathogens [9-17]. The microalgae has immense application in specific to bioactive compounds derived from algae with proven beneficial and much more effective as compared with traditional treatment methods. Fatty acids isolated from Coelastrella spp., R. violacea and Chlorella spp. were found active against human pathogens like S. aureus and low in S. pyogenes [18]. The production of microalgae biomass shows wide valuable uses, in the aquaculture, biotechnology, and food science, among others. However, microalgae show fluctuations in their chemical profile generated mainly by the culture conditions. The previous reports on the assessments of the effect was studied through nitrogen starvation and its totally depends on its growth, nutrient uptake, and gross chemical composition of two species viz. Chlorella spp. and Nannochloropsis oculata [19].